There's is evidence of labyrinths dating back as far as the Egyptians in 1000BC although the term was first used in 484BC by Herodotus and they are made from a variety of materials from stone, turf (in Britain) and tiles (Roman). To be a labyrinth rather than a maze they have to have one path leading to the center and the same path out. The use of labyrinths in Churches is uncertain: it has been suggested that they had various uses:
A blog about the Pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela